Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potency of Extracts from Atriplex micrantha Aerial parts: First Report

Medicinal plants are an important foundation for the identification of novel bioactive molecules, given their pharmacological variability and widespread availability. Species within the Atriplex genus (Chenopodiaceae) have historically been used in the management of conditions such as diabetes, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal issues, skin disorders, and cancer. Atriplex micrantha, a salt-tolerant (halophytic) plant, has not previously been assessed regarding its chemical profile or biological effects. This research explores both the phytochemical makeup and antioxidant properties of aerial part extracts of A. micrantha, using 95% ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. The extracts were screened for secondary metabolites, followed by spectrophotometric quantification of total phenolics (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC). Antioxidant capacities were measured through the DPPH assay, expressed as radical scavenging activity percentages (RSA%) and IC₅₀ values. Testing confirmed that both extracts contain polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins; however, the ethanol extract was found to be richer in these active constituents. The ethanol extract exhibited greater TPC (73.59±0.74mg GAE/g DE) and TFC (17.52±0.057mg QE/g DE) compared to the ethyl acetate counterpart. In terms of antioxidant efficacy, the ethanol extract achieved a lower IC₅₀ (81.0±2.13mg/L), denoting stronger activity, while the ethyl acetate extract displayed moderate results (IC₅₀ = 154.7±7.5mg/L). A clear association was identified linking phenolic and flavonoid content to antioxidant effectiveness. These findings position Atriplex micrantha as a notable source of natural antioxidants with a significant content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This study establishes a scientific framework highlighting the pharmacological potential of this species and supports further studies aimed at characterizing its active principles and evaluating therapeutic utility.