Transethosomal Gel as A Promising Nanocarrier for Skin Drug Delivery

Transethosomal gel represents an advanced vesicular drug delivery system composed of phospholipids, ethanol, and edge activators, developed to enhance drug permeation across the skin and prolong residence time, thereby improving therapeutic effectiveness. Compared to conventional vesicular carriers such as liposomes and ethosomes, transethosomes demonstrate superior stability, elasticity, and deformability. Their nanoscale vesicle size and high flexibility enable structural adaptation, facilitating efficient penetration through the various layers of the skin. The combined presence of ethanol and edge activators imparts softness and elasticity to the vesicular membrane, promoting enhanced drug transport into systemic circulation. Several formulation techniques are employed in the preparation of transethosomes, including the cold method, hot method, thin-film hydration method, and mechanical dispersion method. Evaluation of transethosomal formulations involves assessment of vesicle size, surface charge, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, drug–excipient compatibility, drug content, and stability. Transethosomal systems have been widely investigated for the delivery of NSAIDs, hormones, antibiotics, antifungal agents, anti-parkinsonian drugs, and cosmeceuticals. Owing to their enhanced permeation efficiency and improved therapeutic performance, transethosomal gels exhibit high patient compliance.