Fodder resources and biomass status in relation to input management and technology adoption in different agro-climatic zones of India -A review

The plants are primary source of biomass and medium to convert solar energy in to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Although much of efforts had been made to fulfill the human demand in different agro-climatic zones of India. However, fodder and feed demands for livestock's is far behind its requirement. At present we are able to supply about 50% requirement of livestock feed and fodder. The situation of biomass, fuel used and fodder's production rotations in various agro-climatic zones presented in details. Since water is the major limiting factor in crops as well as forage production pointed out. The bio-residues which are locally available can be reuse for various purposes to bridge the gap between demand and supply of forage as well as nutrient supplement and soil conditioner to maintain sustainability of the soil. The adoption and growing demand of farm machinery in agricultural production is also described. The energy input-output ratio also discussed in various crops, crop combinations under intensive as well as problem soil management.