Lipid profile in relation to type and adequacy of fat consumed by adult Punjabi males: A case study

One twenty five males (30–50 yrs) were selected from PAU to assess the lipid profile in relation to type and adequacy of fat consumed. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the per capita income; middle income group (MIG, 60 subjects) and upper middle income group (UMIG, 65 subjects). Each group was further subdivided according to age i.e.30–40 yrs and 40–50 yrs. Dietary survey was conducted using 24-hr recall cum wcighment method to assess the food and nutrient intake. Lipid parameters were assessed according to adequacy of total fat i.e. <90% (<48 g of fat), 90–100% (48–54 g of fat) and >100% (>54 g of fat), according to amount of visible fat Le. <30,30–40 and >40 g and type of visible fat consumed i.e. only saturated, saturated + unsaturated and only unsaturated fat. It was observed that the intakes of green leafy vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products and fats and oils were higher than the suggested intake and of all the nutrients were adequate except for energy, carbohydrate, niacin, vitamin B₁₂ and iron in all the subjects. The lipid profile viz TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TC:HDL-C increased with increase in fat intake. The levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C were highest in the subjects taking 30-40g of visible fat and consuming only saturated fat and levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TC:HDL-C were lowest in those taking <30 g of visible fat and using combination of saturated + unsaturated fat So, it can be concluded that consumption of total fat <100% i.e. <54 g, visible fat <30 g in the combination of saturated + unsaturated fat leads to better lipid profile.