Odonata Diversity of Kole Wetlands, Kerala

This study assesses the diversity of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) in the Kole wetlands of Kerala, India, a critical habitat for these insects. Systematic sampling of adults and exuviae was conducted across nine sites representing varying aquatic vegetation types over two years (May 2019 to April 2021). A total of 63 species, including five endemics, were recorded, constituting about 34% of Kerala’s known odonate diversity. Seasonal patterns revealed peak diversity during early monsoons (May, June, July), correlating positively with rainfall, humidity, and wind speed. Free-floating and floating-leaved aquatic vegetation supported the highest species richness (35), while submerged vegetation hosted the least (26). Exuviae sampling provided limited insights into breeding patterns due to environmental constraints in open wetlands. Statistical analyses highlighted that seasonal changes, major aquatic vegetation type and site-specific factors significantly influence odonate communities. The findings highlight the ecological importance of the Kole wetlands and provide critical baseline data for conservation efforts, emphasizing the need to safeguard these habitats against anthropogenic and climatic pressures.