1M.V.Sc. Scholar, Department ofVeterinary Microbiology, College of VeterinaryScience and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, India
3Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: snghodasara@gmail.com
Online published on 14 January, 2026.
Biocides are chemical compounds widely used for their antimicrobial properties in various fields, including healthcare, agriculture, and industries. Their use dates back to ancient practices such as the employment of natron, oils, and balsams for mummification and copper and silver vessels for storing potable water. Today, diverse classes of biocides have been identified and are used widely for disinfection, antiseptic, and preservation purposes. Biocides operate through various mechanisms, including membrane disruption, protein denaturation, and oxidative damage. Despite their critical role in infection control across various sectors, concerns about bacterial resistance to biocides are growing, similar to antibiotic resistance. Hence, this review article highlights the applications and mechanisms of action of biocides, as well as the bacterial resistance mechanisms that counteract their effectiveness.
Biocides, Antimicrobial, Resistance, Protein Denaturation, Antibiotic
