1Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000Novi Sad, Serbia.
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000Novi Sad, Serbia.
3Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 21208Sremska Kamenica, Serbia.
4Biological FacultyUniversity of Belgrade, 11000Belgrade, Serbia.
5Institute for Public Health, 21000Novi Sad, Serbia
6Department of Neurology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000Novi Sad, Serbia.
7Institute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, 11000Belgrade, Serbia.
*Corresponding Author: Slobodan Sekulic, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000Novi Sad, Serbia. Email: slobodan.sekulic@mf.uns.ac.rs
Online published on 26 August, 2021.
A review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE (published articles) as well as World Wide Web (video material) to determine the frequency of anterior and posterior presentation of the elephant at birth. Of 46 identified cases, 12 were in anterior and 34 in posterior presentation. The Fisher exact test (p=0.682) did not show a statistically significant difference in the distribution of presentations between the Loxodonta africana (2 anterior and 10 posterior presentation) and Elephas maximus (10 anterior and 24 posterior presentation). The ratio between anterior and posterior presentation 6:29 (18.51% versus 81.49%) at birth without knowing dystocia, is significantly different from the distribution anterior and posterior presentation 6:3 (66.7% versus 33.3%) in cases with dystocia (Fisher exact test p = 0.012). Obtained data shows that posterior presentation at birth in elephants is more often present than anterior, while anterior presentation is more often associated with dystocia.
Birth, Delivery, Dystocia, Elephant, Fetal presentation
