A Review on Niosome in Ocular Drug Delivery System and Their Current Approaches

The eye is a complicated organ with a number of defense mechanisms and barriers. The provision of vital medications via the proper delivery channels and vehicles is crucial because this organ is susceptible to a variety of infections, hereditary abnormalities, and visual impairments. Due to low medication absorption, the most popular method of administration—topical—may not be as effective as it may be. Nanocarrier-based medication delivery systems of the latest generation are safe, efficient, and targeted, and they can get beyond restrictions brought on by the intricate structure of the eye. Nanotechnology actively participates in ophthalmology and ocular medication delivery systems through a variety of nanoparticles, including niosomes, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and other polymeric vesicles. Because of their affordability and storage durability, niosomes—non-ionic surfactant vesicles—are becoming popular nanocarriers in drug delivery applications. A hydrating mixture of cholesterol and non-ionic surfactants self-assembles to produce niosomes. As a result, another name for them is non-ionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs). Niosomes are non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-carcinogenic, and biodegradable. The niosome, its nature, preparation techniques, and niosome-based therapeutic approaches for ocular diseases are all covered in this review. problems with ocular drug administration, methods for enhancing ocular bioavailability, uses, benefits and drawbacks, latest research, and hopes for niosomal drug delivery systems in the future.