On the formal–logical analysis of the foundations of mathematics applied to problems in physics

Results of the critical analysis of the standard foundations of mathematics applied to problems in physics are discussed. The unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics is methodological basis of the analysis. The main result is as follows: the concept of “mathematical quantity” – central concept of mathematics – is meaningless, erroneous, and inadmissible one because it represents the following formal-logical and dialectical-materialistic errors: negation of the existence of the essential sign of a concept (i.e., negation the existence of the essence of the concept) and negation of the existence of measure of material object. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the generally accepted foundations of mathematics should be reconsidered.